Pruritus Therapeutics Market by Product and Disease Type - Global Industry Analysis and Forecast to 2023

Published On : February 2018 Pages : 60 Category: Pharmaceuticals Report Code : HC02586

SEGMENTS & REGIONS:

  • Regions: North America, Europe, Asia- Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa

Industry Outlook and Trend Analysis

The Pruritus Therapeutics Market was worth USD X.XX billion in the year of 2017 and is expected to reach approximately USD XX.XX billion by 2023, while registering itself at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of X.XX% during the forecast period. Developing commonness of conditions related with pruritus, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria is anticipated to serve the market as a high effect rendering drivers. In addition, the existence of high neglected medicinal needs and the consequent presentation of new items, for example, REMITECH cases and Bilastine fulfilling these requirements are relied upon to serve in as future development opportunities. Neglected necessities accessible in the pruritus therapeutics showcase are broke down by considering three traits in particular currently existing gaps in therapeutic options, treatment rate and drug efficiency. Treatment rate related with pruritus is to a great extent relied upon the pervasiveness of sicknesses. Low costs and high eagerness of patients are relied upon to additionally enhance the treatment rates throughout the following years. Major Opportunity fragments, for example, the pruritus for psoriasis market are probably going to urge makers to make alterations or increments to their current item portfolio. Hence, capitalization opportunity broke down just in terms of treatment rates are anticipated to stay at a direct level throughout the following years.

Product Outlook and Trend Analysis

Local anesthetics, Corticosteroids, antihistamines, calcineurin inhibitors, immunosuppressant, counterirritants and others are the key item fragments of this market. In 2017 Corticosteroids ruled the pruritus therapeutics market with an income share of 23.7 percent. Corticosteroids are for the most part utilized as the main line of treatment is additionally anticipated that would contribute towards the previously mentioned conclusion. Though, calcineurin inhibitors are foreseen to develop at the quickest CAGR amid the gauge time frame attributable to its high reaction rate and existence of solid pipeline of calcineurin inhibitors and semi-engineered analogs of these inhibitors.

Disease Type Outlook and Trend Analysis

In terms disease type, pruritus therapeutics market is portioned into urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis and others. Others incorporate metabolic and endocrine diseases, liver diseases, infectious diseases, psoriasis, pregnancy, pruritus in kidney, drug-induced pruritus. Allergic contact dermatitis is anticipated to encounter significant growth amid the gauge time frame. It is the third most common cause behind patients looking for counsel with a dermatologist. Allergic contact dermatitis is all the more every now and again found in ladies inferable from the rising interest for nose, ear, and navel piercing. The pervasiveness of contact dermatitis in the United States extends between 1.5 to 5.4 percent and it represents 95 percent of all reported skin problems.

Regional outlook and Trend Analysis

Key regional portions of pruritus therapeutics showcase incorporate Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe and Row. In 2017 North America held the biggest offer of the market more than 46 percent. The advent of new items and the existence of supportive government activities are some key components crediting to its expansive share. Moreover, developing predominance of target sicknesses and the existence of pruritus initiating climatic conditions in the area are relied upon to drive market development amid the estimate time frame. For example, as indicated by the National Institute of Health, in 2017, the predominance of atopic dermatitis in the United States was about 10- 25 percent in kids and around 3-5 percent in adults. Asia Pacific rose as the quickest developing locale in pruritus therapeutics showcase attributable to neglected requirements of healthcare infrastructure and the expanding predominance of urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, supportive government activities in areas like Australia and Japan relating to sedate value modification and the improvement of novel medications for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and other skin issue is anticipated to give producers lucrative future development opportunities.

Competitive Insights

Some of the prominent players in the market are Pfizer, Cara Therapeutics, Sanofi, UCB and Actavis. These organizations try to proceed with their predominance available takes part in broad R&D activities to create novel therapeutics which displays higher efficacies. Besides, neglected medicinal needs are thought about while fabricating new products. The pruritus therapeutics market holds a broad arrangement of products as of now in the pipeline and future commercialization of these items is anticipated to boost market development throughout the following years.

The global Pruritus Therapeutics Market is segmented as follows-

By Product:

  • Local Anesthetics
  • Corticosteroids
  • Immunosuppressant
  • Antihistamines
  • Counterirritants
  • Calcineurin Inhibitors
  • Others

By Disease Type:

  • Allergic Contact Dermatitis
  • Atopic Dermatitis
  • Urticaria
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
  • U.S
  • Canada
  • Mexico
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • UK
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Rest of Europe
  • Asia-Pacific
  • Japan
  • China
  • Australia
  • India
  • South Korea
  • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • Rest of the World
  • Brazil
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Others

Some of the key questions answered by the report are:

  • What was the market size in 2017 and forecast from 2017 to 2023?
  • What will be the industry market growth from 2017 to 2023?
  • What are the major drivers, restraints, opportunities, challenges, and industry trends and their impact on the market forecast?
  • What are the major segments leading the market growth and why?
  • Which are the leading players in the market and what are the major strategies adopted by them to sustain the market competition?

Market Classification

  • Pruritus Therapeutics Market, By Product, Estimates and Forecast, 2014-2023 ($Million)
    • Corticosteroids
    • Antihistamines
    • Local Anesthetics
    • Counterirritants
    • Immunosuppressant
    • Calcineurin Inhibitors
    • Other Products
  • Pruritus Therapeutics Market, By Disease Type, Estimates and Forecast, 2014-2023 ($Million)
    • Atopic Dermatitis
    • Allergic Contact Dermatitis
    • Urticaria
    • Other Disease Types
  • Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Region, Estimates and Forecast, 2014-2023 ($Million)
    • North America
  • North America  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Country
  • North America  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
  • North America  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • U.S.  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • U.S. Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Canada  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • Canada  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Mexico  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • Mexico  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Europe
  • Europe Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Country
  • Europe Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
  • Europe Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Germany  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • Germany  Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • France Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • France Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • UK   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • UK   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Italy   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • Italy   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Spain   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • Spain   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Rest of Europe   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
    • Rest of Europe   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Asia-Pacific
      • Asia-Pacific   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Country
      • Asia-Pacific   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
      • Asia-Pacific   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • Japan   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • Japan   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • Australia   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • Australia   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • India   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • India   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • South Korea   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • South Korea   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • Rest of Asia-Pacific   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • Rest of Asia-Pacific   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
    • Rest of the World
      • Rest of the World   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Country
      • Rest of the World   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
      • Rest of the World   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • Brazil   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • Brazil   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • South Africa   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • South Africa   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • Saudi Arabia   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • Saudi Arabia   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • Turkey   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • Turkey   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • United Arab Emirates   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • United Arab Emirates   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type
        • Others   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Product
        • Others   Pruritus Therapeutics Market , By Disease Type

Table of Contents

1.       Introduction

1.1.       Report Description

1.2.       Research Methodology

2.       Executive Summary

2.1.       Key Highlights

3.       Market Overview

3.1.       Introduction

3.1.1.  Market Definition

3.1.2.  Market Segmentation

3.2.       Market Dynamics

3.2.1.  Drivers

3.2.1.1.    Obsolescence of Legacy Systems

3.2.2.  Restraints

3.2.2.1.    Stringent Regulations

3.2.3.  Opportunities

3.2.3.1.    Emerging Markets to Offer Lucrative Growth Opportunities

4.       Pruritus Therapeutics Market, By Product

4.1.       Introduction

4.2.       Global Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Product (2017-2017)

4.2.1.  Global Pruritus Therapeutics Sales and Sales Share by Product (2017-2017)

4.2.2.  Global Pruritus Therapeutics Revenue and Revenue Share by Product (2017-2017)

4.3.       Pruritus Therapeutics Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023

4.4.       Corticosteroids

4.4.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

4.5.       Antihistamines

4.5.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

4.6.       Local Anesthetics

4.6.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

4.7.       Counterirritants

4.7.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

4.8.       Immunosuppressant

4.8.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

4.9.       Calcineurin Inhibitors

4.9.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

4.10.    Other Products

4.10.1.      Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

5.       Pruritus Therapeutics Market, By Disease Type

5.1.       Introduction

5.2.       Global Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Disease Type (2017-2017)

5.2.1.  Global Pruritus Therapeutics Sales and Sales Share by Disease Type (2017-2017)

5.2.2.  Global Pruritus Therapeutics Revenue and Revenue Share by Disease Type (2017-2017)

5.3.       The Pruritus Therapeutics Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023

5.4.       Atopic Dermatitis

5.4.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

5.5.       Allergic Contact Dermatitis

5.5.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

5.6.       Audio conferencing

5.6.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

5.7.       Urticaria

5.7.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

5.8.       Other Applications

5.8.1.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.       Pruritus Therapeutics Market, By Region

6.1.       Introduction

6.2.       Pruritus Therapeutics Market  Assessment and Forecast, By Region, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.3.       Global Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions

6.3.1.  Global Pruritus Therapeutics Sales by Regions (2017-2017)

6.3.2.  Global Pruritus Therapeutics Revenue by Regions (2017-2017)

6.4.       North America

6.4.1.  North America Pruritus Therapeutics Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2017)

6.4.2.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Country, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.3.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.4.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.5.  U.S.

6.4.5.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.5.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.6.  Canada

6.4.6.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.6.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.7.  Mexico

6.4.7.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.4.7.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.       Europe

6.5.1.  Europe Pruritus Therapeutics Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2017)

6.5.2.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Country, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.3.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.4.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.5.  Germany

6.5.5.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.5.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.6.  France

6.5.6.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.6.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.7.  UK

6.5.7.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.7.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.8.  Italy

6.5.8.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.8.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.9.  Spain

6.5.9.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.9.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.10.      Rest of Europe

6.5.10.1. Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.5.10.2. Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.       Asia-Pacific

6.6.1.  Asia-Pacific Pruritus Therapeutics Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2017)

6.6.2.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Country, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.3.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.4.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.5.  Japan

6.6.5.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.5.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.6.  China

6.6.6.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.6.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.7.  Australia

6.6.7.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.7.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.8.  India

6.6.8.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.8.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.9.  South Korea

6.6.9.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.9.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.10.      Rest of Asia-Pacific

6.6.10.1. Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.6.10.2. Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.       Rest of the World

6.7.1.  Rest of the World Pruritus Therapeutics Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2017)

6.7.2.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Country, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.3.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.4.  Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.5.  Brazil

6.7.5.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.5.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.6.  Turkey

6.7.6.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.6.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.7.  Saudi Arabia

6.7.7.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.7.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.8.  South Africa

6.7.8.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.8.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.9.  United Arab Emirates

6.7.9.1.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.9.2.    Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.10.      Others

6.7.10.1. Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product, 2017-2023 ($Million)

6.7.10.2. Market Assessment and Forecast, By Disease Type, 2017-2023 ($Million)

7.       Company Profiles

7.1.       Sanofi

7.1.1.  Business Overview

7.1.2.  Product Portfolio

7.1.3.  Strategic Developments

7.1.4.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

7.2.       Pfizer

7.2.1.  Business Overview

7.2.2.  Product Portfolio

7.2.3.  Strategic Developments

7.2.4.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

7.3.       Tai Guk Pharmaceutical Company

7.3.1.  Business Overview

7.3.2.  Product  Portfolio

7.3.3.  Strategic Developments

7.3.4.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

7.4.       Actavis

7.4.1.  Business Overview

7.4.2.  Product  Portfolio

7.4.3.  Strategic Developments

7.4.4.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

7.5.       Trevi Therapeutics

7.5.1.  Business Overview

7.5.2.  Strategic Developments

7.5.3.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

7.6.       Cara Therapeutics

7.6.1.  Business Overview

7.6.2.  Product  Portfolio

7.6.3.  Strategic Developments

7.6.4.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

7.7.       Ocera Therapeutics Inc.

7.7.1.  Business Overview

7.7.2.  Product  Portfolio

7.7.3.  Strategic Developments

7.7.4.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

7.8.       NeRRe Therapeutics

7.8.1.  Business Overview

7.8.2.  Product  Portfolio

7.8.3.  Strategic Developments

7.8.4.  Pruritus Therapeutics Sales, Revenue and Market Share

8.       Global Pruritus Therapeutics Market Competition, by Manufacturer

8.1.       Global Pruritus Therapeutics Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2017)

8.2.       Global Pruritus Therapeutics Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2017)

8.3.       Top 5 Pruritus Therapeutics Manufacturer Market Share

8.4.       Market Competition Trend


List of Tables

*You can glance through the list of Tables and Figures when you view the sample copy of Pruritus Therapeutics Market.


Research Methodology

We use both primary as well as secondary research for our market surveys, estimates and for developing forecast. Our research process commence by analyzing the problem which enable us to design the scope for our research study. Our research process is uniquely designed with enough flexibility to adjust according to changing nature of products and markets, while retaining core element to ensure reliability and accuracy in research findings. We understand both macro and micro-economic factors to evaluate and forecast different market segments.

Data Mining

Data is extensively collected through various secondary sources such as annual reports, investor presentations, SEC filings, and other corporate publications. We also refer trade magazines, technical journals, paid databases such as Factiva and Bloomberg, industry trade journals, scientific journals, and social media data to understand market dynamics and industry trends. Further, we also conduct primary research to understand market drivers, restraints, opportunities, challenges, and competitive scenario to build our analysis.

Data Collection Matrix

Data Collection Matrix

Supply Side

Demand Side

Primary Data Sources

  • Manufacturers
  • Distributors & Wholesalers
  • GPOs
  • Physicians/Specialist
  • Healthcare Providers
  • Consumers

Secondary Data Sources

  • Annual Reports/SEC Filings/ Investor Presentations/ Press Releases
  • Government/Associations Publications
  • Case Studies
  • Reference Customers

 

Market Modeling and Forecasting

We use epidemiology and capital equipment-based models to forecast market size of different segments at country and regional level.

  • Epidemiology-based Forecasting Model: This method uses epidemiology data gathered through various publications and from physicians to estimate population of patients, flow of treatment of individual disease and therapies. The data collected through this method includes statics on incidence of disease, population suffering from disease, and treatment population. This method is used to understand:
  • Number of patients for particular device or medical procedure and
  • Repeated use of particular device depending on health and condition of patient
  • Capital-based Forecasting Model: This method of forecasting is based on number of replacements, installed-based and new sales of capital equipment used in various healthcare and diagnostic centers. These three parameters are calculated and forecast is developed. Installation base is calculated as average number of units per facility; while sales for particular year is calculated from number of new and replace units. Secondary data is collected through various supply chain intermediaries and opinion leaders to arrive at installation and sales rate. These techniques help our analysts in validating market and developed market estimates and forecast.

We do forecast on basis of several parameters such as market drivers, market opportunities, industry trends government regulations, raw materials supply and trade dynamics to ensure relevance of forecast with market scenario. With increasing need to granulized information, we used bottom-up methodology for forecasting where we evaluate each regional segment differently and combined all forecast to develop final market forecast.

Data Validation

We believe primary research is a very important tool in analyzing and forecasting different markets. In order to make sure accuracy of our findings, our team conducts primary interviews at every stage of research to gain deep insights into current business environment and future trends and key developments in market. This includes use of various methods such as telephonic interviews, focus groups, face to face interviews and questionnaires to validate our research from all aspects. We validate our data through primary research from key industry leaders such as CEO, product managers, marketing managers, suppliers, distributors, and consumers are frequently interviewed. These interviews provide valuable insights which help us to have better market understanding besides validating our estimates and forecast.

Data Triangulation

data triangulation

Industry Analysis

Qualitative Data

Quantitative Data (2017-2025)

  • Market Dynamics (Drivers, Restraints, and Challenges)
  • Industry Trend Analysis
  • Market Opportunities
  • Government Policies and Regulations, Patent Analysis, and Reimbursement Policies
  • Porter’s Five Forces and PESTLE Analysis
  • Key Developments and Competitive Landscape
  • Market Assessment and Forecast
  • Market Assessment and Forecast, By Product
  • Market Assessment and Forecast, By Technology
  • Market Assessment and Forecast, By Application
  • Market Assessment and Forecast, By End User
  • Market Assessment and Forecast, By Region/Country